Essay about Nobel Prize Ahmed Zewail - 705 Words

Ahmed Zewail Nobel Prize Winnernbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;709 Words nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;A boy who was named Ahmed Zewail was born February 26, 1946 in Damanhur, the quot;City of Horusquot;, only 60 km from Alexandria. He lived a good childhood in the City of Disuq, which is the home of the famous mosque, Sidi Ibrahim. He was the only son in a family of three sisters and two loving parents. His father was liked and respected by the community because he was helpful, cheerful and very much enjoyed his life. He worked for the government and also had his own business. His mother was a good natured person and devoted all her life to her†¦show more content†¦He was admitted to the faculty of science at Alexandria University and felt the greatness of the university. His grades through out the next few years flourished. They flourished in courses like mathematics, physics, chemistry, and geology. His grades were either excellent or very good. In his second year he scored very highly in Chemistry and was chosen for a group of seven students calle d quot;special chemistryquot;, an elite science group. He graduated with the highest honors, with above 90% in all areas of chemistry. After graduating with the degree of Bachelor of Science, he was appointed to a University position as a demonstrator to carry on research toward a Masters and then a Ph.D. degree. Ahmed Zewail who is currently the Linus Pauling Chair Professor of Chemistry and Professor of Physics, and the director of the NSF Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (LMS) at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena. He was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1999. He was awarded in the category of Chemistry for his new developments in the field of femotoscience. He made it possible to observe the movement of the individual atoms in a femotosecond. A femotosecond is a split second that is a millionth of a billionth of a second. This brilliant development which changed our view of the dynamics of matter holds great promise in the areas of technology and life sciences. His current researchShow MoreRelatedSurvival of Earthly Life Depends on Science and Technology: Analysis of Seven Scholarly Articles1817 Words   |  7 PagesPapadoginnis and his team published their feat of measuring trains of attosecond pulses. Pulses in the femtosecond ranged led to the development of femtochem istry. This is the study of chemical reactions in real time for which Ahmed Zewail was awarded the 1999 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Papadogiannis and his team used the short-wavelength harmonics from rare gases, such as argon. For this achievemen, Papadogiannis may be recognized as the father of attosecond science for actually measuring the duration

Democracy Is The Worst Form Of Individual Ignorance

â€Å"Democracy is the worst form of government- except of all the other ones that have been tried† -Winston Churchill Democracy, the availability of the citizens to vote and elect who represents them in a political setting, set upon non-hostile competition and fairly represents the views of the people was described by Abraham Lincoln as â€Å"†¦the government of the people, by the people, for the people.† President Barack Obama stated on February 9, 2009, â€Å"The strongest democracies flourish from frequent and lively debate, but they endure when people of every background and belief find a way to set aside smaller differences in service of a greater purpose.† The average American college student, like myself, believe these quote to be true. American Author, H.L. Mencken disagreed, stating that â€Å"Democracy is a pathetic belief in the collective wisdom of individual ignorance.† Churchill was not saying that democracy is bad, he is explaining that while it is imperfect, it is far less so than the are other governmental models seen throughout the world- like dicta torships in Russia, autocracy Libya, and monarchies like Morocco. Democracy is far from perfect, but is a much more effective form of government than its modern day competitors such as dictatorships, autocracies, and true monarchies, which are ineffective due to†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦(couple word summary of each here) Dictatorial governments, especially those that that are communist in nature, appear to be great forms of government onShow MoreRelatedSocrates And Aristotle s Views On Democracy1124 Words   |  5 PagesAristotle in Politics criticize democracy, a form of government that tries to equalize all. Centuries have passed and many of the democratic elements described in their works apply to current democratic regimes in particular the United States. Socrates believes that democracy is the second worst type of government. Democracy is having â€Å"†¦complete freedom and dignity.†(p.261 C5) and â€Å"†¦no notice of the law.† (p.261 D5) It is the avoidance of anyone’s control. Those in democracy are motivated simply by pleasureRead MoreEssay about Paine and Burke1644 Words   |  7 Pagestradition and the status quo. Paine was a trouble maker from the left and a Republican who believed in revolution and democracy, and that was why people liked him. Paine and Burke started writing and arguing in the late eighteenth century or early nineteenth century and it was the beginning of the industrial revolution. Both men were two of the several strongly opinionated individuals who argued back and forth in response to what the other one was saying about the French Revolution. Both men supportedRead MoreThe Tension That Exists Between Democratic Governance And1723 Words   |  7 Pagesidea of a constitutional democracy can be interpreted as both an oxymoron and a tautology. As explained in the scholarly piece edited by Richard Bellamy, when the term constitutional democracy is interpreted as an oxymoron a person can argue that a constitution by its very nature restrains and divides power, however, a democracy implies that the power be ultimately a unified and unconstrained exercise of power by the people who a democracy represents. The people in a democracy decide what the powerRead MoreThe Civil Rights Movement Of Fareed Zakaria s The Rise Of Illiberal Democracy 1548 Words   |  7 PagesIlliberal Democracy† details his view on elected governments and the ignorance and abuse of their power. He claims that they do not use their powers in the right way and instead deny basic civil rights and liberties. Democracy can be defined numerous ways in different countries. In Zakaria’s definition, to paraphrase, a democracy is viewed as a process of selecting government and is to always mean the rule of the people. In my opinion this definition is very true when associating democracy with countriesRead MorePolitical Apathy And The Threat Of Democracy1315 Words   |  6 Pagesdoes it pose a threat to democracy? In 1950, voter turnout for the United Kingdom General Election peaked at a respectable 83.9% of the population. This number has dwindled steadily since then dropping to 72.7% in 1972 and in more contemporary times in the most recent UK General Election in 2015, this number drops to a worrying 66.1%. (House of Commons Research Papers, 2015) Does this statistic and blatant political apathy of 22.5 million people spark a threat to democracy? In order to assess whetherRead MoreLord of the FLies by William Golding682 Words   |  3 Pagesthe task of hunting. Along the novel, the intellectual and vulnerable Piggy frequently recites his aunt, showing the only adult and female voice among the group. Numerous crisis between democracy, dictatorship, civilization and savagery causes chaos to their society. From the novel, Golding proves that ignorance to the potential of evil will subsequently have dire consequences for all. This is evident from the progressive examples whereupon Simon and Piggy die and where Ralph is pursued for deathRead MoreAnalysis of Republic Essay1365 Words   |  6 Pagesplays an important role. According to Plato, education is wisdom and all of our knowledge is not acquiring information, but remembering it from the past. He felt that wisdom is a skill that comes to us naturally as we are just removing the veil of ignorance. His search for the true meaning of justice leads to a discussion with his pee rs of education and what part it should play in the ideal state that they have developed. He feels everyone has to be willing to learn and have courage in order to acquireRead More An Argument Against a Presupposition1640 Words   |  7 PagesIn The American Democracy and Its National Principle, Herbert Croly makes an eloquent and poignant case for adopting a nationalistic frame of mind. According to Croly, we are rapidly approaching a junction where we must choose between the traditional values, measures and mind set of our past or embrace the opportunities of the future. As a people we should realize that the future holds great promise, and that is why we should focus on empowering a centralized system of governance that replacesRead More orwells political message to the world Essay1750 Words   |  7 Pages Many authors bring in the theme of politics into their work in order to make their creations more appealing and as a form of expressing their personal views. George Orwel l’s â€Å"Nineteen Eighty-four† is a novel that contains many political messages to the world. Orwell felt that part of his role as a writer is to serve as a voice of conscience to our society by trying to express the truth as he saw it. The novel was written in a crucial time period in modern history after the Second World War and atRead MoreCauses and Effects of Witchcraft.1861 Words   |  8 Pagesmillions since the beginning of history. These so called witches have caused fear, hatred, interest, widespread panic and variety of other emotions in other people from all over the world. Every society and civilization on this planet have all some form of witchcraft in their history, witchcraft itself ha e deep history of its own causing it to be recognized in literature and modern society. Beliefs in witchcraft is a common phenomenon in some developing nations, particularly, Tanzania as well as

The Benefits Of Distance Learning Essay Sample free essay sample

Distance acquisition plans are an alternate manner of larning that circumvents jobs associated with handiness and distance between the educational establishment and the pupil. This new learning engineering follows a problem- and case-based acquisition attack. which is much more practical and realistic. with respects to the speedy application of lessons to day-to-day life. In order for online instruction to be every bit effectual as conventional schoolroom instruction. the functions of the different constituents of a acquisition environment have evolved to accommodate to this new engineering. The pupil benefits from an online larning environment by larning how to self-regulate and self-determine his activities and ends within the class or degree plan. because the alternate instruction scheme recognizes no schoolroom or course of study boundaries. hence the pupil has the possible to complete a class in a much shorter clip than what is stiffly scheduled in a conventional schoolroom. The pupil is besides learns to gait himself with respects to how fast or decelerate he surveies a lesson. We will write a custom essay sample on The Benefits Of Distance Learning Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page chiefly depending on his rational sharp-sightedness. A pupil in an on-line acquisition plan besides learns to be self-sufficing and cognizant that he himself plays a major function in his ain acquisition. hence he has to be responsible for the extent of information that he can larn from each lesson or class. The pupil in an online acquisition environment is exposed to other options for class content. every bit good as encouraged to collaborate with other pupils and his equals to finish an assigned undertaking such as treatments or analyses ( Kimet Al. . 2006 ) . The function of a module in an online acquisition environment is to direct the pupil to possible beginnings of acquisition. The module is besides responsible in planing the acquisition activity of the pupil. largely by using more piquant activities than what is traditionally observed as talks in a schoolroom. More significantly. the module plays a cardinal function in learning the pupil how to utilize what he has learned from the class and instantly use this to every life. The module is besides responsible in planing appraisal tools to find the grade of acquisition of the pupil. Mention Kim S. Farber S. Kolko BE. Kim W. Ellsbury KE. Greer T ( 2006 ) : Faculty and pupil engagement in on-line treatments of alleviative attention scenarios.Fam. Med.38 ( 7 ) :494-9.

Just A Mood . . . Or Real Depression Essays - Depression

Just a Mood . . . or Real Depression? How Do You Really Feel? Check off the ones that fit you. Top of Form 1 You feel sad a lot, and it doesn't go away. You feel guilty; you think that you're no good; you have no confidence. You lose interest in ordinary pleasures like music, sports, friends, or having fun. Most of the time you'd rather be left alone. You feel restless or tired most of the time. You're a nonstop partier, constantly moving around. You get unrealistic ideas about the great things you're going to do...things you never really could do. Thoughts just go racing through your head. You think about death a lot, or thoughts about suicide pop into your head. You seem to take pleasure in extremely dangerous activities, like reckless and highspeed driving. Bottom of Form 1 These are the warning signs of medical illnesses known as depression and manic depression. To see what you should do if you have some of the warning signs, add up the number of boxes you checked. You checked either of the last two boxes. If the last two boxes describe your feelings, you should seek help immediately. You checked four boxes. Or more than five? You're having a tough time and may be suffering from depression or manic depression. It's important for you to find an adult you can trust and tell them what's on your mind. Show them this brochure. If the first adult you talk to can't (or won't) help, find someone who will. It's hard to do, but very important. You checked three boxes. When you get a chance, it would be a good idea to talk to a friend, especially an adult who knows how to listen to you and discuss things. You checked one or two boxes. Guess what? You're fine. Everybody has some problems. Kinds of Depression Bad Mood--frustrations that are temporary. Mild Depression--being "bummed." You feel bad but can still enjoy family and friends and look forward to activities. Situational or Reactive Depression--You may feel depressed because you are expressing a normal (and healthy) sadness about some loss, or a major change in your life. If this kind of depression lasts more than a couple of weeks, it's important to talk to a medical professional or an adult whose advice means a lot to you. You'll be surprised at how much just talking about your feelings will help you get over situational depression. Major Depression--Major depressions are wholebody illnesses which affect a person's eating and sleeping patterns, as well as his/her energy levels. Moods and the ability to think clearly are also affected. These illnesses are painful and the person experiencing them usually looks for ways to escape. Often the person withdraws from other people. People of all ages, races, ethnic groups and social classes suffer from depression. For teenagers, symptoms appear most often between ages 14 and 18. About 10% of them will experience some form of major depression at some time. The illness strikes about 15% of all adults. Major depression is a medical illness. To fit a medical diagnosis of major depression, a person must have a clearly specified cluster of symptoms and the symptoms must have lasted longer than two weeks. The illness may be brought on by problems or stress in a person's life, but it is rooted in the biology and chemistry of the brain. Sometimes these depressions seem to center on no particular event in a person's life, but they impact everything he/she thinks, says and does. The two main kinds of major depression are: Unipolar depression. Symptoms include feeling sad most of the time, persistent feelings of hopelessness, difficulty with concentration, thoughts of death, and low self esteem. Manic depression. (also called bipolar disorder). Symptoms include racing thoughts, grandiose yet unrealistic plans and ideas, feeling high and having less need for sleep. A manic or speededup phase will be followed by a phase of depression. Mania and depression might then alternate in a cycle. Major Depression or Situational Depression? It is often difficult to know the difference between situational and major depression. Why? Mainly because the inward suffering associated with depression in teens is masked by conduct that adults don't generally regard as depressive behavior. Even though depression is generally a feeling of sadness or helplessness, someone may act angry, combative, or even silly, just to cover up their depression. A professional can help teens sort out symptoms of either situational or major depression. If You Show the Warning Signs of Depressive Illness Be your own best friend. Think about how

The Illustrated Man essays

The Illustrated Man essays This is a collection of short stories written by Ray Bradbury. The story opens when a man, on a walking tour of Wisconsin, meets another man whose body is covered in tattoos. The man with the tattoos, known as the Illustrated Man, is looking for a job. He camped the night with the other man. His tattoos, he told him, where given to him by a witch from the future. When the sun comes down, the tattoos come to life, and play out little dramas upon the man's flesh. Each of the stories contained in this book come from the dramas played out from the man's tattoos. The first story, The Veldt, tells the tale of a family from the future. In the future, people have rooms much like the halodeck from Star Trek. The room is virtual reality, and can be programmed and sensitized to its owners to create for them whatever reality they wish. For this family, the room serves as their children's nursery. Indeed, the children spend so much time in this "nursery"; it has become a surrogate parent to them. The parents - particularly the father - have become concerned about the amount of time the children spend with the nursery. He fears that perhaps their playtime has become all too real. He calls in an expert to check the nursery out. The room is supposed to respond whenever a person requests, or even thinks of what it wants the room to create. However, the room seems to have been stuck in a rut. The scene: the middle of an African veldt, where a family of lions feasted upon their kill. The expert suggests that the father try turning off the nursery for a while, and give the family a chance to come together as a real family again, without all their technological inventions getting in the way. The father tries this, but the children and wife rebel. Finally, he relents and turns it back on again. The children race into the nursery, and get locked in. They scream for their parents....

Eight Great Gift Ideas for Your Francophile Friends

Eight Great Gift Ideas for Your Francophile Friends What gifts could you give to your Francophile or France loving friends? Nowadays, with e-commerce, sending the right gift to the right person is so much easier. Yet, there are so many choices out there. Here is my top eight list: 1 – A Book about France Check out your local Amazon store, there are plenty of beautiful books about France.  First, select the â€Å"book† category. Then, you have a lot of choices. To narrow down the searches, look at the options on your left (you may need to press â€Å"see more†). Select: - â€Å"Art and photography† for beautiful books. I love The Louvre - all the paintings, The Best loved villages of France, and Spectacular Paris.- â€Å"Travel guides† to prepare a trip.  - â€Å"Cookbook, food and wine also make a great idea. My husband is a great cook, and his favorite is Mastering the Art of French Cooking - You cannot go wrong with Julia Child! And My Paris Kitchen - Olivier often picks up David Lebovitzs book for inspiration, and all his recipes always turn out perfect - we highly recommend it.- â€Å"Comic book† – what about a French edition of the world-famous â€Å"Tintin† or â€Å"Astà ©rix†?   Then, you can have your book shipped wherever you like, and even have it gift-wrapped. How practical! 2 – A French CD/MP3 or DVD French music is so readily available, both in stores and on the web. Of course you have the classics: Brel, Aznavour, Piaf... but there are many young talents out there: you may have heard of â€Å"Stromae† but he is not the only one (check out â€Å"Zaz†, â€Å"M Pocora† â€Å"Tal†, â€Å"Bà ©nabar†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦) : Check out my Pinterest board â€Å"Les VIP du PAF (Screen and Audio French VIPs) for inspiration, pictures, and videos of who’s hot in France right now. For movies in French, check out Amazon Canada – you’ll pay a bit more for shipping but will have a much larger selection and you are still in the appropriate DVD zone for the US.​ Note: Unfortunately, DVDs are ‘region locked’ and so a DVD meant for the European market will not play on a standard US/CAN DVD player. If this is a DVD for a US/Canadian based friend, make sure it’s â€Å"Region 1† (or that they have a hacked and unlocked DVD player). 3 – A French Audiobook What about learning some French? There are a ton of resources out there, including pricey French learning software (If you are going this way, I recommend Fluenz) and old-fashion dictionaries. You will, of course, find plenty of textbooks on Amazon, but if you ask me, students of French absolutely need an audio support. Audiobooks are convenient; your friend can download them to their smart phone and use them on the go, during workouts or commuting time. If your friends are French or speak French fluently, check out Audible for their selection of audio novels in French. And if your friends are still learning French, then pick a  level appropriate French audio novel or French learning method  on my site, FrenchToday.com. 4 – French Gourmet Food Still on Amazon, check the category â€Å"grocery and gourmet food† and type â€Å"France† or anything special you would be looking for. There is a gift there for any budget. You can also go to your local fine grocery store, and once you look carefully, you’ll be surprised at the number of French food items.   â€Å"Fleur de sel de Guà ©rande† makes a great gift for foodies (this is actually the one Olivier loves), but there are also many French mustards (I love the brand â€Å"Maille†) and spices, cookies, and chocolate. 5 – French Wine Tasting You don’t need to be in France to taste French wines. If you live in a large city, chances are that your local wine store organizes wine tastings. Pay them a visit and ask them if and when they plan on having a French wine tasting. You could even ask them if they could organize one for you and your Francophile friends. Stores are usually very happy to do so and it would be a fun moment, and a personalized gift for your friend. 6– French Perfume and Make-Up Chanel, Dior, Lancà ´me... We dream about these brands but only few people can treat themselves to this kind of luxury. However, many of these brands do have a cosmetic department, and a Dior Lipstick for example is a gift that will most likely impress any lady. You can find them online or in any large department store. 7 – Coupon for a French Restaurant Ok, this one may be a bit on the expensive side. But it’s fun. And if your friends often go to their favorite French restaurant, you can call that restaurant and ask to buy a bottle of wine for the next time your friends go there.   8– French Magazine Subscription There are many French magazines out there, and with Amazon.com, you can get a subscription to a magazine in French right to your door: Vogue, Cuisine et vins de France, Marie-Claire Maison, Photo, Voici or Gala,  they make wonderful gifts because every month, your friend will be reminded of your thoughtful gift. Je mets tous les jours des mini-leà §ons gratuites sur Facebook, Twitter et Pinterest - venez m’y rejoindre! I also wrote many articles about Christmas in France:- 7 Must Know Noà «l Traditions- Christmas in France Dialogue - French English Bilingual Easy Story- Meet the French Santa - French English Bilingual Easy Story-8 Gift Ideas for Your Francophile Friends- Petit Papa Noà «l - The Most Famous French Christmas Song (with a link to a video of my daughter singing it!)-  My enunciated recording of the Catholic mass prayers in French Joyeuses fà ªtes de fin dannà ©e! Happy Holidays!

Role Identification Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Role Identification - Essay Example It’s the duty of research assistant to contribute his/her help to the professionals to obtain maximum knowledge, organize, collect, compile and analyze data. They coordinate the trials and also make sure that all the procedures are followed properly. Research assistant also serves as coordinators, researchers, investigators, administrators, consultants or educators. It is also the reasonability of a research assistant to maintain discipline in following the rules and regulations in the industry and to maintain the safety and confidentiality in relation to the information. In a nutshell, we can say that the research assistant should be someone able enough to know how to improve the designs of new experiments; he should be able to keep all the records accurately and safely and present them when necessary. Also, supervision of the undergoing experiments and keeping the technicians busy with their work is the most important task required of him (Education Portal,

Strategic Failure at Daimler-Chrysler Assignment

Strategic Failure at Daimler-Chrysler - Assignment Example From the works of Blasko, Netter and Sinkey (2000), there were very many strategic plans that were set to make sure that the merger worked. The strategic issue was that the companies were to use their strengths to work together and create a formidable collection of products for the customers. Ju ¨rgen Schrempp had indicated that what was being created was the greatest and historic merger that would automatically change the face of the automotive industry (Bill & Stertz, 2001, p. 92). The strategies were aimed at the merger shaping the capacity of the industry. Looking at the factors that led to consolidation of the boards of the two companies into signing the ‘marriage’ agreement, there was a misconception that would haunt the outcomes later. The deep set strategic misconception that highly led to a negative was a misconception that the industry was to go through a transformative consolidation in which other companies would survive as smaller competitors in the market. This was proved wrong with the successful growth of mergers like Renault-Nissan. Secondly, there was the misconception that the two companies would complement each other’s strengths in the market in terms of quality production, type of product and market segmentation. However, it was found that they would not necessarily rule the market due to a miscalculation that was mistaken. Based on technical know-how and sharing, the two companies were to realise, as per the financial strategies a total of $1.4 billion in the first year of operations. These were far high misconceptions and, as far as the depth of their contribution to the failure is concerned, it was a deep set problem which saw a creation of strategies without considering the market economies and diseconomies. Depth of Mismanagement According to Krebbs (2007), the marriage between Daimler and Chrysler was doomed to fail right from the start because of three reasons. He alleges that much as the conditions were of the idea that they would share much of the resources, Chrysler was purchased, treated as such and the whole process was a scum. Therefore, the issue as to what extent management caused the failure of the union includes failure from the initial strategies. The union was based on ego and therefore the more the management profited from it, the better. This was not good for the company and other stakeholders. It wasn’t an issue of compatibility but personal satisfaction. Secondly, Krebbs still assert that there was no commitment in the marriage in which case the German side viewed it as very temporary (Krebbs, 2007, p. 3). This caused laxity in its contributions to the whole management process. The relationship is also said to lack vision for the future. After the merger, top management also merged and there were single positions created. In autumn of 2000, the CEO of DaimlerChrysler announced that he had initially wanted that Chrysler be a subsidiary to the union (Pooley, 2005, p. 29). This was a very strong indication that there was absolutely lack of will in the management of the two companies and therefore everybody affiliated to Chrysler became reluctant to continue service in the union. Therefore, the management had

Organizational Changes within the National Health Service Essay Example for Free

Organizational Changes within the National Health Service Essay 1. Discuss and debate the organizational changes within the National Health Service and examine how these have influenced care delivery. At the start of the NHS, a mediation model of management subsisted where the role of the manager facilitated health care professionals to care for the patient. Medical staffs were extremely influential and controlling in determining the shape of the service, at the same time as managers were imprudent and focused on managing internal organizational issues (Harrison et al. 1992). After the 1979 general election, there was originally little change to the National Health Service (Klein 1983). Though, poor economic growth, together with growing public expenditure, slowly brought about changes. Influenced by the New Right ideologies, a more interventionist, practical, style of management in the health service emerged. This efficiently changed the role of managers from one of imprudent scapegoats for existing problems, to agents of the government (Flynn 1992). Managers became the means by which government control over NHS spending was increased (Harrison and Pollitt 1994). The impulsion for this change arose from the 1983 Griffiths report (NHS Executive 1983), an assessment by the government health advisor, Sir Roy Griffiths. Within this report, four specific problem areas were recognized: the limited management influence over the clinical professions; a managerial stress on reactivity to problems; the significance placed on managing the status quo; and a culture of producer, not consumer, orientation (Harrison et al. 1992). The power of the Griffiths Report (op. cit.) was to challenge and limit medicines sovereignty in the health service, and over health care resources. certainly, nurses were simply referred to twice throughout the document. Through its attention on organizational dynamics and not structure, the Griffiths Report proposed main change to the health service. General Managers were initiated at all levels of the NHS. In spite of Griffiths original intention that it was simply cultural adjustment that was required, there were instantaneous and considerable structural and organizational changes in the health service (Robinson et al. 1989). Post-Griffiths there were escalating demands for value for money in the health service (DoH 1989). Efforts to extend managerial control over professional autonomy and behavior so continued throughout this intense period of change, and terminated with the NHS and Community Care Act (DoH 1990). From the re-organizations that taken place during this period, the NHS was rationalized to conform more intimately to the model of free enterprise in the private sector. This reformation was shaped by the belief that greater competence could be stimulated through the formation of an internal and competitive market. The belief that the health service was a distinguishing organization was disputed. The principles of economic rationality linked with business organizations were applied extensive to the operation of health service. The services requisite were determined, negotiated, and agreed by purchasers and providers through a funding and constricting mechanism. In this, trust hospitals and Directly Managed Units supplied health care provision for District and General Practitioner fund holders. There has since been a further shift in the purchaser base from health authorities to local commissioning through primary care groups and, more lately, through the Shifting the Balance of Power: The Next Steps policy document (DoH 2001b), to Primary Care Trusts. Through such recognized relationships, purchasers have turn out to be commissioners of services and the idea of the internal market has become the managed market that recognizes the more long-term planning of services that is required. Rhetoric of organization and health improvement underpins service agreements now made. The NHS is not simply a technical institution for the delivery of care, but as well a political institution where the practice of health care and the roles of health care practitioners imitate the authority base within society. The hospital organizational structure is an influential determinant of social identity, and thus affects health care roles and responsibilities. Though, through the health care reforms the medical staff and, to a lesser degree the managers, appeared to be defense from the introduction of general management into the health service. This has resulted in health service delivery remaining stoutly located within a medical model, and medical domination unchallenged (Mechanic 1991). It is the less authoritative occupational groups, including nursing, that have felt the major impact of such reforms. The NHS organizational changes aimed to convey leadership, value for money, and professional responsibility to managers at all level of the health service. These alterations were intended to reverse the organizational inertia that was limiting growth and efficiency in the system. Though originally aiming a positive impact on the service, these radical ideologies led to tension at the manager-health care professional boundary (Owens and Glennerster 1990). The prologue of the internal market in the NHS meant to present a more neutral and competent way of allocating resources, through rationalization and depersonalization. The new era of managerially claimed to be a changing force opposing customary health professional power (Newman and Clarke 1994), and persuasive professionals to offer to organizational objectives (Macara 1996). The contradictory models of health care held by managers and health care workers improved ambiguity over areas of responsibility and decision making, somewhat than clarity as anticipated (Owens and Glennerster 1990). The contending ideologies and tribalism between the health care groups were more unequivocally revealed. The introduction of markets to health care exposed a dichotomy for health care professionals. Medical and nursing staffs were requisite to report to better managerial officials, yet reveal professional commitment to a collegial peer group. This was challenging, mainly for medical staff that understood medical influence and the independence of medical practice, but did not recognize managerial ability. In many of the commentaries addressing this, the majority pragmatic resolution to addressing this situation was to distinguish that professional independence exists but together with, and limited, by managerial and decision-making control. The Griffiths Report (NHS Management Executive 1983) considered the doctor as the natural manager and endeavored to engage medicine with the general management culture through the resource management inventiveness. This requisite medicine to clinch the managerial values of collaboration, team work and collective attainment through the configuration of clinical management teams: the clinical directorate. On the contrary such working attitudes were in direct contrast to medicines principles of maximizing rather than optimizing, and of autonomy not interdependence. It is fascinating that even in todays health care environment; there have been sustained observations that medical staffs do not supervise resources or clinical staff in an idealistic way. in spite of this, there has been little effort to undertake a methodical and broad review of the organization of medical work. This is in direct distinction to the experience of nurses, whose working practices and standards persist to be cr itiqued by all. Early on attempts made by managers to bound medical authority led to doctors adopting countervailing practices so as to remain independent and avoid organizational authority. Such practices, taken to keep their clinical independence, included unrestricted behaviors in admitting patients or deciding on explicit patient treatments (Harrison and Bruscini 1995). These behaviors rendered it hard for managers to intrude on medical practice, and therefore restricted the impact of the health care reforms. Immediately post-Griffiths there was some proof that introduction of general managers had, to a small extent, influenced medical practices. Green and Armstrong (1993) undertook a study on bed management in nine London hospitals. In this study, it was established how the work of managerial bed managers was capable to influence throughput of patients, admission and operating lists, thereby ultimately affecting the work of medicine. however, attempts made by managers to organize medicine were self-limiting. Health care managers were not a colossal, ideologically homogeneous group and lacked a strong consistent power base (Harrison and Pollitt 1994). Managers did not fulfill their remit of exigent the medical position in the health service and evade the responsibility for implementing repulsive and difficult decisions (Harrison and Pollitt op. cit.). The management capability of medicine persists to be challenged by government initiatives including the overture of clinical governance (DoH 1997). In this, the Chief Executives of trusts are held responsible for the quality of clinical care delivered by the whole workforce. An optimistic impact of this transform may be to provide opportunity for an incorporated organization with all team members, representing an interdependent admiration of health care (Marnoch and Ross 1998). on the other hand, it might be viewed as simply a structural change to increase the recognized ability of the Chief Executive over the traditional authority of medical staff: a further effort to make in-roads into the medical power base. Current years have demonstrated sustained commitment from the government towards modernizing health care (DoH 2000b). This has integrated challenging conventional working patterns and clinical roles across clinical specialties and disciplines. certainly medicine has received improved public and government scrutiny over current years. This has resulted in a shift of approach from within and outside the medical profession. The accomplishment of challenging the agenda for change in health care will be part-determined by medicines capability to further flex its own boundaries, and respond to the developing proficiency of others. 2. Identify and critically explore the changing role of the nurse, within the multi disciplinary team, examining legal, ethical and professional implications. The impact on nurses of the post-Griffiths health service configuration has not been so inconsequential. Empirical work has demonstrated that execution of the Griffiths recommendations led to the removal of the nursing management structure. This efficiently limited senior nurses to simply operational roles (Keen and Malby 1992). The implementation of the clinical directorate structure, with consultants having managerial accountability over nursing, further reduced nursings capability to effect change. Prior to 1984, budgetary control for nursing place with the profession. The 1984 reorganization distant nursing from nursings own control and placed it decisively under the new general managers (Robinson and Strong 1987, p. 5). As the notions of cost inhibition and erudite consumers were promoted, audit and accounting practices assumed a significant position in the health service. It was nurses who, encompassing a considerable percentage of the total workforce and linked staffing budget, found themselves targets for public and government analysis. Nursing maintained some strategic management functions within the new management structures, but these tasks were mostly limited to areas within the professional nursing domain. Nurses have been seen as pricey and potentially upsetting factors of production: channels through which costs can be lessened and administration functions can be absorbed (Ackroyd 1996). Caught in the crossfire of managerial changes that were originally targeted at medicine, nursing has been placed subordinate to management (Robinson and Strong 1987). In spite of debates on the impact of health care changes, there is consent on one issue. The structural and organizational changes in the NHS since 1991 have re-fashioned unit management teams and unit management responsibilities. This has resulted in the improved involvement of these teams in the stipulation of the service. It has required a diverse way of thinking about health care and new relationships between clinicians and managers to be developed (Owens and Glennerster 1990). The nineties are set to become a vital period in changing the ways in which health care is delivered, not just in terms of the potential re-demarcation of occupational boundaries between health care occupations, but as well in terms of the broader political, economic and organizational changes presently taking place in the NHS. It is asserted that traditional demarcations between doctors and nurses, seen as based on ever more unsustainable distinctions between cure and care, are becoming blurred and that the new nursing causes a threat to the supremacy of the medical profession within health care (Beardshaw and Robinson 1990). though, there is an element of wishful thinking about this and, indeed, Beardshaw and Robinson (1990) rage their optimism with an identification of the continued reality of medical dominance. They see the threat to medical supremacy as one of the most problematical aspects of the new nursing, largely as claims to a unique therapeutic role for nursing must essentially involve a reassessment of patient care relative to cure. In Beardshaw and Robinsons view, the degree to which doctors will be willing to exchange their conventional handmaidens for true clinical partners, or even substitutes, is one of the most significant questions posed by the new nursing. In the wake of the Cumberlege Report on Community Nursing (DHSS 1986) and World Health Organization directions concerning precautionary health care, there appeared the very real view of the substitution of nurses for doctors in definite clinical areas-particularly primary care in the community, through nurses creating a central role in health encouragement, screening, counseling and routine treatment work in some GP practices (Beardshaw and Robinson 1990). Though, a current evaluation of the impact of present reforms in the NHS on the role of the nurse in primary care is more distrustful concerning the future shape of the community nursing role. If the way to determine the extent of nurses challenge to medicine is in terms of the conflict it provokes, then there positively is proof of medical resistance to recent developments in nursing. Doctors reaction to the Cumberlege Report on neighborhood nursing (DHSS 1986), which suggested the appointment of nurse practitioners, revealed that there were doctors who strongly resisted the initiative of nurses acting autonomously (Delamothe 1988). On the other hand, the General Medical Services Committee and the Royal College of Nursing agreed that decisions concerning appropriate treatment are in practice not always made by the patients general practitioner and recognized that nurses working in the community are effectively prescribes of treatment (British Medical Journal 1988:226). Discussions relating to the proper arrangements desired to hold the prescription of drugs by nurses are taking place, on the grounds that nurse prescribing raises issues linking to the legal and professional status of both the nursing and the medical professions (British Medical Journal 1988:226). This suggests that renegotiations relating to the spheres of competence of doctors and nurses are on the agenda. None the less, the General Medical Council (1992) Guidelines remain indistinct on nurse prescribing and other forms of delegation of tasks under medical privilege to nurses, stating that it has no desire to hold back delegation, but warning that doctors must be satisfied concerning the competence of the person to whom they are delegated, and insisting that doctors should retain eventual responsibility for the patients, as improper delegation renders a doctor liable to disciplinary proceedings. Renegotiations around the division of responsibilities between doctors and nurses are taking place very carefully and to a large extent on a rather extemporized basis, given the volume of letters requesting advice and clarification received from GPs by the General Medical Council. The focus in much of the nursing literature seems to be on the challenge of the new nursing to the old nursing posed by nursing reform, somewhat than on the challenge to medicine. One doctor (Mitchell 1984) has complained in the pages of the British Medical Journal that doctors have not been told what the nursing process is about. Paradoxically, the nursing process is in fact derived from the work of an American doctor, Lawrence Weed, who pioneered the problem-oriented record for hospitals in 1969. This changed the way in which patient information was collected and stored by instituting one single record to which all health professionals given. Though the nursing process, which was part of this innovation, crossed the Atlantic to Britain, the problem-oriented record did not. Mitchell (1984) has argued that the medical profession must oppose the nursing process and give it a rough ride on the grounds that medical knowledge should precede nursing plans to remedy the deficiencies of living activities which are, he insists, consequential upon the cause and clinical course of disease. He also accuses nurses of enabling a pernicious dichotomy between cure and care, relegating the doctor to disease and inspiring the nurse to the holistic care of the individual, and suspects that the nursing process is less a system of rationalizing the delivery of care than a means of elevating nurses status and securing autonomy from medical supremacy.

Justice in Platos Republic :: Papers Justice Plato Republic Essays

Justice in Plato's Republic Justice. What is justice? In this world where many people look out only for themselves, justice can be considered the happiness of oneself. But because selfish men do not always decide our standards in society, to find a definition, society should look at the opinions of many. Just as in the modern society to which we live, where everyone feels justice has a different meaning, the society of Plato also struggled with the same problem. In this paper, I will look into the Republic, one of the books of Plato that resides heavily on defining an answer to the meaning of Justice, and try to find an absolute definition. I will also give my opinion on what I personally think justice is. During the time Socrates and his fellow citizens spent looking for a definition, they came across many different examples. Well-known Athenians, such as Polemarchus, bring out their own definitions of what justice is, with examples like Justice is "Doing the right thing, or "Giving everyone his due." But soon after these definitions on justice were given, they were shot down by the quick wits of Socrates. Throughout the books of The Republic, I enjoyed reading the many ways that Plato picked apart the flaws in examples by others. It seems that Plato could find flaws without spending much time actually examining the definition. Friends and men of Athens had to restate and restructure their definitions time in and time out during the search for the meaning of Justice. Without the skill that Plato possessed in examining faults in definitions, one can quickly assume that a faulty definition works to be true. I did this many times while reading through different definitions. For example, the definition Polemarchus gives in section two of book one, saying that justice is giving everyone what is "appropriate" to him. To me, an example like this would fit as a definition, because without much examination, it works well for most situations. For example, if a man is good, then an appropriate return for his goodness is to be good back to him. But if a man acts in a bad or troublesome way, an equally bad punishment is needed to counter his actions. I see this fitting, but Socrates of course easily found a flaw, finding this definition useless if followed, because of there not being a person best at benefiting friends and harming enemies.

Gandhi’s Campaign Methods Essay

It’s clear that Gandhi’s campaigns of non-cooperation and attending political meetings with high ranked British officials during the early 1930s, were hugely significant as they mounted pressure on the Raj, leaving the British with no other alternative than to make concessions towards the nationalists. However, Purna Swaraj wasn’t achieved by Gandhi’s campaigns in the 1930s, due to the limitations of his methods as he was unable to cooperate and negotiate with the British. Conversely, demands for nationalism increased across India and the British began to lose any moral authority they had over the Indians. Gandhi’s methods of non-violent, civil disobedience were hugely effective in turning many Indians against British rule, increasing demands for Purna Swaraj and attacking the revenue that the British relied on to survive within India. Source 1 is a declaration written by Gandhi, a speech in which was broadcasted on Independence Day. The symbolism of broadcasting this speech across the whole of India on the 26th January 1930, shows Gandhi’s purpose of targeting the masses to enthuse them on a day of huge importance, to rise up against the ‘inhuman rule’ they’re being controlled under. ‘Inhuman rule’ emphasises how the British were keeping the Indians in subordination within no care or consideration for the wellbeing of its subjects. This is witnessed with the tax that the British put on salt. Salt is a necessity for every Indians health and survival due to living in such hot climates, so consequently, the British revenue increased as they knew every Indian had to purchase it in order to survive. However, Gandhi wanted to ‘stop the payment of taxes without violence’ and thus, publicised the boycott of salt tax with his salt march on 12th March 1930. Initially, the British disregarded it and treat it as a joke, until it caught the attention of the worlds press as a result of Gandhi connecting with the supportive masses, and drawing in tens of thousands at prayer meetings and gatherings before the actual march. This contradicts the view of Lawrence James in source 3, who believes the Indians had ‘never come close to toppling the Raj’, as source 1 makes it explicit that the increasing animosity and non-payment of taxes, generated by Gandhi, concerned the British a great deal. Gandhi directly attacked the Raj as he declared it a ‘crime’ to submit to its rule in hope he could connect with the Indians and encourage them to follow his lead. He successfully did this as a result of the Salt March. Although only 78 of his supporters followed him on the entire march, many other Indians got involved. On route of the march, many Indian officials resigned from their posts. Elsewhere, another march was organised in South India were protests in Bombay, the North West Frontier Province and 2000 non-violent demonstrators at a salt production plant in Dharasana were attacked to the ground by police. This again is evidence of the ‘inhuman rule’ Gandhi speaks about in hi s declaration, and consequently shows why the British lost a lot of moral authority over the Indians. Source 2 explicitly shows that Gandhi’s non-violent campaign methods were effective at challenging the Raj and allowing them no other option that to begin making political concessions towards the activists. It adds a lot of weight to source 1 as it shows the effectiveness of Gandhi’s campaigns in relation to the British response. Lord Irwin, the Viceroy of India at the time, recognised that ‘political dialogue’ was the only way forward from the current position in 1931, due to the increasing hostility in India that was becoming a huge threat to the Empire. Consequently the Gandhi-Irwin pact was signed on the 5th March 1931 which was an agreement between both Gandhi and Irwin. The most significant aspect of this wasn’t the agreements themselves, which saw many political prisoners released, Indian officials reassigned and future political changes to be in the interest of India, but more so the fact that Gandhi was seen as an equal to a leading British official. This in itself unleashed hope that the British would start showing respect and help the Indians advance politically. It’s clear from source 2 that Irwin showed some respect for Indians as he states that the ultimate purpose for India is not to be under ‘perpetual subordination’ in the British Empire. This too conflicts with source 3 as it suggests the British have come to the realisation that they cannot hold on and control India forever, due to the increase in non-cooperation amongst the masses as a result of Gandhi’s campaigns and in the aftermath of the second round table conference. This conference was held in Britain on 7th September 1931, which aimed to start negotiations towards Indians progression to self rule. However, it achieved nothing due to Gandhi demanding nothing less than Purna Swaraj and thus blocked any further negotiations and progress for India. In addition to this, his arrogant approach in being the only representative to speak for eve ry Indian angered many groups within the population, in particular the untouchables. Source 2 therefore shows that Gandhi’s campaigning methods were limited, and only effective to a certain extent. As this modern source was written by Tim Leadbitter, a writer for academic studies, we can trust that his view is objective. However, he does express his own opinion when stating that Irwin ‘rightly’ recognised the dangers of mass movements. This is unusual in textbooks which are used for academic purposes and could cause the reader to believe his opinion is actually fact. Nevertheless, put in context its clear that the mass movements were a threat to the Raj and so followed awaited Government of India Act of 1935. The provisions of the act were too little too late and although it provided Indians with provincial control, it achieved no advancement in central or higher administration, and the electorate was still less than 10% of the overall population. Congress did benefit hugely from the 1937 election and in effect became the leading party in India wh ich in turn caused resentment and anger from the Muslim League. By this time, Gandhi lost his campaigning momentum after his arrest in 1931 however that is not to say the small but significant successes of the 1935 Government of India Act wasn’t a result of Gandhi’s campaigning efforts. Source 3 contradicts the evidence in sources 1 and 2 and completely disregards any lack of progress being made by Gandhi and the Indian nationalists in the 1930s, with the non-violent campagns. It takes facts at face value as James takes a broad sweep over the British Empire. As a result, his account ignores the underlying pressures and Gandhi’s non-violent methods that challenged the British rule in India. James undermines Gandhi’s efforts by stating they ‘never came close’ to toppling the Raj, therefore believing that the civil disobedience and non-cooperation as a result of Gandhi’s campaigns, were too weak to put even the slightest dent in the British hold on India. However source 2 explicitly opposes this as the British Viceroy Lord Irwin recognises the need to show that the British are willing to help India progress politically, to prevent further unrest and mass movements witnessed after the Salt March. The resulting 1935 Government of India Act and 1937 elections weren’t direct results of Gandhi’s campaigning, however the small changes witnessed in Indians advancing in politics and having more say at provincial level, wouldn’t have happened at all if it wasn’t for the pressure Gandhi put on the Raj. Without his non-cooperation campaigns, the British wouldn’t have felt the need to make any concessions at all towards Indians, but the fact remains that by 1939 Gandhi’s agenda of 1930 demanding Purna Swaraj hadn’t been achieved. However, James is not completely oblivious to the pressure the Raj is under, as he states they can ‘hold on’ in an unconvincing tone. It’s therefore apparent that if the Raj had to make the effort to hold on to their control, Gandhi’s campaigning efforts and mass movements are obviously causing them some concerns and mounting pressure, and so much have been effective to a certain extent . Lawrence James does actually give evidence to suggest that some Indians were actually content with British rule as he mentions the ‘backing of an army’ of ‘loyal’ sepoys, which the British utilised for general administration and control. However this alone doesn’t hold any weight when confronted with conflicting evidence from sources 1 and 2. It’s therefore undisputable that Gandhi’s non-violent campaign methods as mentioned in source 1 were hugely effective in amplifying the nationalism within India and thus rallying the masses in order to put strenuous pressure on the Raj as witnessed in source 2. It is apparent however that Gandhi became less influential after his arrest in 1931. His campaigns lost momentum and Congress became machine that followed up the progress Gandhi had made prior to the 1935 Government of India Act. Source 2 therefore bares the most weight as it makes it explicit that Gandhi’s campaigning left the British with no other option than to proceed to make concessions towards the Indians, who where now actively pushing for future self governing. The British were then obliged to relinquish some power, and accept that there would be no going back to having complete perpetual control over the Indians.

Branches of Philosophy Essay

There are five types of branches in philosophy. These branches can be categories as Metaphysics, Epistemology, Ethics, Politics, and Estetics. The first branch of philosophy is Metaphysics, also known as the study of existence. Metaphysics act as a foundation in philosophy as well as the foundation of the view of our world. Metaphysics is very important to all of us as it help us to deal with reality by explaining and interpreting the world and nature around us. As you can see, without Metaphysics in our life, we will be unable to preserve our life as well as being ambiguous toward the information and knowledge around us, if this happen, we will have difficulty to live and comprehend the world. Therefore, Metaphysics is very important in our life. There are also some key elements of a rational metaphysics, one of the most important element would be reality. From a metaphysical side of view, reality must be understood perfectly and correctly because reality can be said as absolute and consistent. It has a specific nature independent of our thoughts or feelings. Besides reality, causality also play an important role in metaphysics. This is because everything happens for a reason and also an effect. Every entity has a specific nature and act according to that specific nature. Therefore, we can define that causality is means by which changes occurs, but the changes occurs depending on a specific nature. The next branch of philosophy is Epistemology, which is also known as the study of knowledge. This branch of philosophy is used to address the question â€Å"How do I know about it† as Epistemology is the study of our method or ways to acquired knowledge. It also relates our minds to reality by concerning how are they related to each other before determine whether these relationships are valid or invalid. Epistemology also encompasses the nature and construction of concepts. All mental things such as idea and emotion are also compasses by Epistemology. We need to have Epistemology in order to identify the true and false in our daily life and also the method or ways of evaluating certain things to acquired knowledge and experience toward the world around us. Epistemology is important because we will not be able to identify right from wrong as we are unable to think properly without Epistemology. On the other hand, we will be able to achieve our goal as well as acquired more understanding toward reality if we got enough degree of Epistemology. Flaws in epistemology will make it harder to accomplish anything. One of the key elements of a proper Epistemology is our own senses. Our five senses are valid and also are the only way we can gain information about the world around us. Besides that, logic help us to maintain consistency within our knowledge. Validity is determined by objectivity while concepts are abstraction of a certain details of reality. These are all the key elements for a rational Epistemology. Ethics, also known as the study of how a person acts in his daily life, is dependent on Epistemology because it is impossible to make choices without knowledge. From a fundamental point of view, ethics is a method or way to categorized and pursue our own values. Human needs Ethics to live. This is because without ethics, the whole world will become chaotic as all our action will be aimless and random as all of us are unable to decide a course of action. Ethics will not be able to completely help us to pursue our goal if rationality is ignored. We must all have a rational ethical standard at a certain degree which we are able to identify our goal clearly in order to accomplish our most important values. Every branches of philosophy have their own key element to achieve certain level of value. For ethics, it requires a standard of value to which all goals and actions can be compared to. The ultimate standard of value is none other but the value of our own lives. If a person is able to recognize his importance not only to his physical survival, but to his well-being and happiness, that certain person can be said to have a very good and proper ethics in his life. One of the subset of ethics will be the next branches of philosophy known as Politics. Politics can be defined as the study of how men should interact in a proper society and what constitute proper in life, in other words, it is the study of Force which answer the question ‘What action are permissible’. Politics can be applied to every single person or a group of people. A society is set up by Politics as politics tell how a person should act or behave within a certain society. Politics is very important in a society and even a country itself, this is because a political system in a society or country will greatly affect the individuals within that specific area. The people within that system are allowed to function or act according to the nature of the politics that is applied there. If the system is unable to work out, it will either collapse such as the Communist Russia or it will cause rebel such as in Czarist Russia. The main goal of Politics must be the faculty of reason. This is because reason is the main means of survival for a man as ones cannot survive in an ineffective environment. In a moral political system, coercion must be banned because reason does not function under it as man cannot be forced to think about what is right or wrong. Society cannot be forced to think, but, government plays an important role here as governments can objective laws and also monopoly retaliatory force to prevent one person from doing illegal things that might harm the society. The last branch of philosophy is also known as the study of arts and the sense of life which is called Esthetics. Esthetics also studies the methods of evaluating arts and also the judgment of arts itself. This branch of philosophy depends on the previous branches of philosophy which is Metaphysics, Epistemology, and ethics. It is important to study art because art existed through all of recorded human history. Human’s unique ways of thinking and evaluating makes art unique as well. A person ability to abstract the concept of art can determined the standard of one’s life as well as satisfying his personal intellectual needs. This is why Esthetics is very important as it delves into the reason why does art existed. The main key element of a proper Esthetics is none other than a person’s value judgment of the creator. With the field of ethics, these value judgments can be evaluated as well as observed because art is a selective recreation of reality.

Romanticism v. Realism essays

Romanticism v. Realism essays Romanticism vs. Realism Artistic movements in the 19th century were direct reactions towards (or against) political and social situations during the time. Romanticism was a movement against the ideas of the Enlightenment that had been ingrained into European people since the early 1700s. The Enlightenment emphasized reason and uniform ideals in the arts. Romanticism can be seen as a direct revolt against the Enlightenment. Romantic artists constantly strived for unique and different ideas, whereas the thinkers of the Enlightenment valued uniformity. (Art Periods: Romanticism) Realism, in contrast to Romanticism, showed an objective, unemotional view of the world. The goal of Realist artists was to record an impartial view of the ideas of French society in the 19th century. The major contributor to the development of Realism was the social and political unrest in Europe in 1848. The French painters reacted to the three-day revolution in February of that year. At the end of the revolution, Louis-Philippe resigned, which led to several consecutive disorganized governments that attempted to lessen the severe unemployment problems. Realism began to depict ordinary workers and farming communities in scenes of everyday life. The paintings from this period are very true to life without any flourishes. (Rosenblum, pg.218) An exceptional example of a Romantic painting is The Hay Wain by John Constable. (Rosenblum, pg. 157-158) It is a picture that conveys the Romantic idea that nature is the embodiment of all possible feelings. (class notes) The Hay Wain won a gold medal at the Salon of 1824 and was innovative because of Constables use of a palette knife to apply paint. A major contributing factor in the genius of Constables work is that he painted his works outside, as a part of nature, rather than in a studio. (Rosenblum, pg.158) In this particular painting, as well as ...

Manifest Destinies role in the breakdown of Indian Culture essays

Manifest Destinies role in the breakdown of Indian Culture essays Native American culture in the western United States suffered greatly during the mid-1800s. Intrusions by white settlers believing in Manifest Destiny, or the obvious belief that Americans were meant to expand from the Atlantic to the Pacific, caused the Natives to be driven from their homelands. Their culture was continually broken apart by relocations and severed treaties. Many tribes refused the forced relocations to reservations. Thousands of Natives were killed during the following confrontations. Manifest Destiny played a key role in the demise of Native American culture during the 1800s. The Native Americans living in the western region of the United States had very well-developed cultures. The nearly 150,000 Native Americans living in the west were divided amongst many different nations. Most Indians followed large herds of buffalo that roamed about the plains. Indians lived in tipis, which can be compared to modern day tents. They carried these tents around with them on travois and hunted Buffalo. The buffalo was extremely important to the Indians. It could be made into food, leather and clothing. The bones were used to make tools and the sinews to make thread. Nothing was wasted in Native American living. The Native Americans were at peace with nature and they shared the land that they lived on. Their unique culture was doomed when settlers began eyeing the vast western regions. They saw the lands as a big empty space to start over on. This region was not empty; however, people had been living there for hundreds of years. Conflicts quickly arose between the settlers and the Native Americans living on the western lands. Most settlers believed in Manifest Destiny and thought little of the Indians. They believed that they were superior to the Indians and that they needed to be brought into white mens civilization. As expansion drew westward more and more Native Americans were forced...

Education Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Education - Research Paper Example This essay will in detail include the QAR technique and also expound on this technique as a method of a pre-reading strategy. In this essay, the strategies discussed include the QAR strategy, an excerpt strategy and a visual graphic, organization strategy. QAR Strategy Taffy Raphael was an educationist who came up with the QAR tool. QAR is an abbreviation of the words Question Answer Relationship. This is a tool used in clarification of how the students are able to read texts and also provide appropriate answers from them. This strategy relieves the learners from engaging in other tiresome background information. Therefore, it enables the learner to discover what they are reading and its structure. This article is based on a content area reading field at large. According to this methodology, questions are presented to ensure that the learner can be able to give the correct responses of the questions. In addition, the QAR strategy presented below is linked with the book in discussion. QAR #1: Give a brief history concerning the foundation of the context area reading? QAR #2: Discuss the advantages and disadvantages that are involved in the content area reading process? QAR #3: Describe the content area reading field in regard to the book? QAR #4: Go through a brief significance of the content area reading field? Also, explain the main factors that are related to the QAR strategy? QAR #5: Is the CAR movement of any help to the general public? QAR #6: What is entailed in the content area reading sector? The questions presented above can help the learner cover an extensive field of study. This entails the learner’s research on the questions given and possibly coming up with the required results. For instance, if a learner is serious enough, he/ she can scan through the questions and try to come up with the correct responses to aid in his knowledge. 505 page excerpt for reading strategy Chapter 1, Section 1 Foundations of content area reading Questions are th e answers The field of context reading has significantly grown basing on its response from teaches in the middle section and secondary school. This concept was inaugurated in the 1930s. From a current perspective, this concept enables students to read the content areas and come up with skills from expert information. When instructors face a class, they open a book and elaborate in order to explain and clarify conceived questions. However, most students do not recognize the nature of the questions developed. Much of the content entailed comprises of well developed content that responds to pivotal questions. In reality, most of the questions are from the instructors who have recently launched a field known as content area reading (CAR). Firstly, those going through the text should take a significant approach to the CAR field. Secondly, after the learner fully understands the pivotal questions, then it is easier for them to come up with their own possible solutions. Finally, making new areas of study is undoubtedly vital to any student. This is the overall basis for a long and improved long-term memory, application of new knowledge in other forms of learning processes and sound concept formation (Anthony, Manzo & Matthew, 2009). In general, the CAR movement has enormously improved the school improvement. This shows that their aim of enabling students to read environment is quite a success. Lastly, the content area reading book is of significant representation to each and every learner. Graphical organization

Consumer Analysis Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Consumer Analysis - Term Paper Example Research indicates that young consumers strongly believe in fashion consumption as a tool by which to improve their social status and social relevancy. To identify whether this was true, a primary study was constructed that surveyed 14 youth consumers to determine whether they believed the Gap should or could provide for these needs. Findings indicated that conspicuous consumption is not a primary concern for younger markets, leading to formulate a set of recommendations that The Gap should focus more on product in the marketing mix and select certain lifestyle-relevant celebrities to gain more interest from youth consumers. The Problem of Rival Promotions in the Apparel Industry: Gap Inc. 1.0 Background Gap Inc., based in San Francisco, was founded in 1969 as a small retail store selling record albums and blue jeans. By 1970, the Gap had achieved $2 million in revenues allowing the company to expand to 25 different stores by 1973. It was not until 1974, however, that the Gap began o ffering consumers private-label apparel and accessories, a tradition that has positioned the business as a stand-alone innovator able to maintain strong sales volumes without reliance on various established apparel brands. 1.1 The Marketing Strategy Problem Gap Inc. has diversified its merchandise offerings from its original foundations of providing blue jeans and record albums to a variety of merchandise that maintains mass market appeal. Gap not only provides apparel and accessory merchandise in the United States, but in Europe as well, competing with major clothing retailers Zara (the fast-fashion company owned by Inditex) and H&M, two retailers offering clothing that is generally targeted to the younger, trend-centric consumer markets. It is the European market that provides the majority of sales revenues to this business that is in a growth stage in Europe and in decline in the United States. The main problem with Gap Inc. is the firm’s lack of focus on creating effectiv e promotional strategies in order to position the business properly with its desired target markets. When sales began to decline significantly in 2007, Gap executives attempted to modify its long-standing logo to make it fresher and more contemporary to a changing consumer audience. (See Figure 1). However, the business received such a significant outpouring of consumer discontent about the modified logo that the business scrapped its 2010 modification to return to its iconic blue box logo (Fredrix, 2010). In fact, the Chief Executive who authorized the change swiftly resigned from the company allegedly due to the failed repositioning effort (Wahba & Sage, 2011). Gap learned a significant lesson that its legitimate marketing problem was not associated with its corporate image, as consumers had built attachments and loyalties to the blue box logo. The problem was inefficient promotional strategy that could not outperform rival companies in the U.S. and Europe. From the consumer persp ective, repurchase intentions are based on stereotypes and physical appearances when interpreting marketing communications from a retailer (Schiffman & Kanuk, 2010). Internally, Gap had determined that it would need to seek out new markets in order to boost profitability, but did not take into consideration the cognition patterns of dedicated customers that already

Self-Disclosure Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Self-Disclosure - Essay Example Sadness is expressed when one is in such condition as discouraged, gloomy depressed or downhearted. It is a difficult moment of every human being. Empathy is regarded when people have the ability and will for sensing people’s emotions that are accompanied by the capability to imagine what they think or feel (Spence, Fox, Golding & Daiches, 2012). It is expressed when one feel stressed when we detected another person’s fear or anxiety. Sympathy goes beyond one’s empathy since it is acknowledging another person’s emotional hardships and providing comfort and assurance. Personally has been a victim of grapevine information. This is due to the fact that all human beings are front of informal person to person means of circulating information or gossip. Handling rapine information is a real challenge but when handled in a proper way cannot lead to fighting. The best way I can handle is through dialogue and understanding the root cause of the information, eventually the situation is contained leaving both parties satisfied (Spence, Fox, Golding & Daiches, 2012). Good moral values guide me to control expressing my emotions to any other person except in the circumstance when in depression. I have spent some time without expressing my emotions. It was last during a session when I was given an opportunity to represent my institutions in competition and was ranked the best; it was a moment of great joy for my life. I felt like it was like a turning point my

Human Rights and Health Concerns Essay Example for Free

Human Rights and Health Concerns Essay Abortion is a controversial issue that opens allows for a large field of topics. These can run the gamut from moral to legal. Below are just a few examples that could assist in narrowing the scope of abortion. Note that there are many more areas that could narrow this subject and give you a better idea on the kinds of questions to ask. Legal Moral Women Rights Health Concerns to Women This is also a good idea for any other issue or subject you encounter in your academic writing career. It helps to narrow anything you come across as most topics or subjects an instructor gives you will be broad on purpose. The reason for this is encourage you to think about the subject and research it. Take the issue or subject and whittle it down into specific topics or areas. Whittle those topics or areas into specific questions. We’ll move on to the second one next. Ask yourself questions about the subject or topic. If asking questions about the narrowed topic seems too†¦narrow, ask questions of the greater subject. Why abortion is considered cruel? Why do anti-abortion factions consider abortion murder? What are the laws and opinions on abortion in other countries and how do they vary from the US (or your country)? What are the costs of Planned Parenthood? Women’s rights and abortion. What health concerns does abortion pose to women? Extremism groups and abortion. The history of abortion in the US (or your country). Government’s role or lack of a role in abortion. What are the moral concerns about abortion? Even though this article is mainly to cover writing prompts, we’ll give you a refresher on developing a thesis statement with the question. It’s not complex and there are several different outcomes you could get from only one question.

Essay --

Apollo 13 experiences major malfunctions which end up changing the mission from landing on the moon to now just trying to return to earth with all of the crew still alive. This movie illustrates how the leaders can develop a new vision and values, and how the team can come together and collaborate under high stress situations. Their vision changes from landing the astronauts on the moon to just getting the astronauts back to earth safely when there is an unexpected explosion in the service module. Even under a ridiculous amount of pressure, the crew was able to communicate efficiently and use their decision making skills to help solve the problem effectively. Apollo 13 is all about how their team effort and leadership skills come together to overcome what they thought would be a horrifying ending. Gene Kranz who was the flight director and in charge of the mission control team, developed a set of values; discipline, morale, toughness, competence, commitment, and team work to approach the situation. These set of values helped build the chemistry that kept them together during all of the different difficulties that had to face and helped the reach success in the end. For every seemingly impossible situation, Mr. Kranz gives new liveliness and vision to the team by his response always being â€Å"we need to find a way to make it work.† His leadership focuses on path goal theory. During his meetings when they were trying to develop a re-entry plan, he was only worried about making sure they were taking the right steps to bring the astronauts back safely. He explains to his colleagues what the proposals are, considers new thoughts, and is very supportive of everyone’s ideas. He clarifies the main goal and uses his relationship with everyon... ... go well and end safely. Marilyn displays personal integrity when she demands to know what is going on with the mission after she sees the news report on TV. She shows self-confidence when she calls and demands to know what’s going on and is will not hang up until she gets answers. During the whole situation she holds herself together under all of the stress, showing her emotional maturity. Gene Kranz and Jim Lovell are the main people who show how a leader is able to influence and lead the team when an unexpected situation occurs. When they’re having to face issues, conflicts, and achieving goals, making sure that your crew is focused is very important. No matter what pressure or conflict they were dealing with, they were able to make decisions fast and effectively. The leadership and team structure were the main reasons behind the ground team’s incredible work.

Polygraph Research

Christopher Langford Writing II T-Th 930-1045 Writing Assignment 2 Polygraph I began my research thinking I wanted to find out where we were today in our advancement of the lie detector machine and its accuracy. There was a time it was heard of often and considered quite controversial in its legitimacy. My research took me on a different journey then I had expected. A journey discovering that the Polygraph Machine is not only just as controversial today as ever, but also that there appears to be behind the controversy then simply its technology. The Polygraph Machine was traditionally known for its use in lie detection within law enforcement.So I began my search in the Criminal Justice data base of our school library. I came across an interesting article, â€Å"The Truth Surrounding Lie Detection Technology†, written by Rebecca Kanable, a freelance writer specializing in law enforcement topics for the periodical Law Enforcement Technology. Her article, although informative of the details in how the polygraph machine works, what it detects physiologically, and why it might be considered inaccurate, revealed to me there may be more behind the controversial system then simply its technology.She would reference an important sounding entity called the APA (American Polygraph Association), explaining the APA founding, their development, and purpose. After discussing the APA and its extensive research and technology, another official sounding entity was introduced, the NAS (National Academy of Sciences). The NAS reported that contrary to the APA’s pride in their more than 80% accuracy in detecting deception, a majority of the research was unreliable, unscientific, and biased.The APA responded that the NAS findings were confined to a review of the research on polygraph testing in particular, and how it relates to personnel screening. The APA said the NAS relied on 57 of more than 1000 research studies available. The NAS in turn responded that a century of research in psychology and physiology provided little basis for expecting the polygraph test could have extremely high accuracy because the physiological responses are not uniquely related to deception only. At this oint a third entity was introduced, the NACVSA (National Association of Computer Voice Stress Analysis), who also bashed the APA as a flawed method and flawed technology. They would tout how they were supported in agreement by the NITV (National Institute for Truth Verification), yet another official sounding entity. This back and forth seemed a bit odd, as though one or the other had an agenda. That is what redirected my research into whom these entities were, and who was considered more reliable for the truth about lie detection. First stop was the APA web site (APA. org).I discovered it was a profit driven business selling technology, instruments, research, and advanced training and education programs, as well as advertising their APA magazine. Their primary customer s were law enforcement, the legal community, and private sector security screening. It certainly was official, but only in the business sense. Ironically, in my search for the APA web site, it was paired with Antipolygraph. org web site. A location for message board discussions against the polygraph, most of which was specifically directed at the APA. I then moved on to the first entity contradicting the APA in Kanable’s article, the NAS.NASonline. org had nothing to sell, but rather a non profit society established by an act of congress signed by Abraham Lincoln in 1863 and extended by President Woodrow Wilson charged with the mission of providing independent objective advice to the nation on matters related to science and technology. It definitely carried some weight in legitimacy, but to be sure it was not a bias source about this topic, I search its site database for this particular topic, and although it spoke about the technology of the polygraph, it made no specific me ntion of the APA itself.I was unable to do the same of the APA site as you had to be a paying member to access their database. I felt the NAS response to the APA research was legitimate coinciding with their purpose. What about the NACVSA? It turns out they are a direct competitor of the APA. Upon arriving at the CVSA1. com web site, it was immediately obvious in their solicitation of CVSA software and training. Also solicited were funding assistance through grants from both Walmart and Target to purchase the technology. They tried to hide behind government looking signs and symbols to appear more â€Å"official†.They covered the bases offering insight of cases solved by their technology, who was using their technology, and the history of their technology. They would repeatedly indicate their direct support from the National Institute for Truth Verification. Of course this institute must be official and have a web site. A Google turned up nothing for the NITV, and any mention of them would link you to the CVSA1. com web site. An attempt at Wikipedia also only had them listed as a vendor and tied to the NACVSA.Returning to the CVSA1 website for further investigation, I noticed in small print in the corner the following, â€Å"the NITV is the manufacturer and sole source for the Computer Voice Stress Analyzer†. That certainly did explain their avid support of the CVSA technology. One last scroll through all the sites having mention of the NITV, I noticed a Government site with their mention. Eforia. bis. doc. gov. was a public posting of government documents from the department of commerce. It displayed 11 charges against the NITV of illegal exportation as a private business. So much for that.Realizing I only had information from either the biased private businesses of technology, or the seemingly unbiased sources of government documents and a science society founded by congress, I now wanted to find others with something to say about the polygraph . I went back to the school library database with a refinement for only magazines and newspapers. First was a eye catching title of an article in the Atlantic Monthly by Alan Berlow called â€Å"The Wrong Man†. I gave accounts of cases leading to the conviction and eventual carrying out of death sentences of what would turn out to be discovered as wrongful conviction down the road.The tie with the polygraph came in that the results of the polygraphs, although not admissible in court, did find in agreement with what resulted in their convictions, even in contradiction of there being no physical evidence. This article revealed why the DA in one of those cases was so adamant in ignoring the lack of evidence for guilt and continuing till a conviction. He had knowledge of, and was influenced by, the non admissible results of the polygraph. The Wall Street Journal offered opposite perspectives on the polygraph. In 2003, an Article by Sharon Begley called â€Å"Inertia, Hope, Moral ity, score TKO’s in Bouts with â€Å"Solid Science†.The dispute with the polygraph was no different then others but with her particular method and terminology of expression. The second Wall Street Journal article, â€Å"For The Polygraph Paradox; Lie Detectors Aren’t Perfect; But convicted Sex Offenders Concede, They May Be Good Enough†, by Laurie P. Cohen. Although alluding to a positive use for the polygraph in spite of its controversy, I doubted the weight of this perspective as the only source of data was that of those who were convicted. It has no opposite data of those who were not convicted.I didn’t take either article as being to far out of bounds as the Wall Street Journal is widely known as quite reputable, whether you agree with a particular article or not. So I then narrowed my search to the immediate locality, and took an article from the Telegram & Gazette. It was a General interest periodical in 1989 with no specific author. It was m erely stating a factual outcome of the Massachusetts Supreme Court having ruled the polygraph test as inadmissible in this state. My research into the polygraph, although somewhat informative about its accuracy, was far more revealing about the source of opinions about the polygraph.My research resulted in verification of exactly what the assignment intended. The need to investigate and verify the legitimacy of expressed information before accepting it as factual evidence of what you are researching. Annotated Bibliography Kanable, Rebecca. â€Å"The Truth Surrounding Lie Detection Technology. † Law Enforcement Technology, Aug 2010, Vol. 37 Issue 8 p60-67, An article that reveals the uses and allowances of the polygraph in our law enforcement system, legal system, and employment system. Barlow, Alan. â€Å"The Wrong Man† The Atlantic Monthly Nov. 1999 Vol. 84, Issue 5 p66-91 Article telling three separate stories of how the polygraph had an inappropriate influence on t he outcome of three murder trials. Begley, Sharon. â€Å"Inertia, Hope, Morality Score TKO’s in Bouts with ‘Solid Science’. † Wall Street Journal, N. Y. 6 June 2003 B. 1. AN anti polygraph writing reinforcing public opinion about the misuse Of the polygraph and its lack of agreeable legitimacy for use in trial court. Cohen, Laurie P. â€Å"The Polygraph Paradox; Lie Detectors Aren’t Perfect; But, Convicted Sex Offenders Concede, They May Be Good Enough. Wall Street Journal, N. Y. 22 Mar. 208 A. 1. This article explores a remote possibility of some positive outcome for polygraph use. Unfortunately it an opinion piece and purely based on speculation from a partial perspective. Court Rules Polygraph Test Not Admissible: Telegram & Gazette, [Worcester, MA. ] 12 Dec. 1989: C7 Globe Newspaper Company Inc. General Interest Periodicals – U. S. This newspaper clip is a simple statement of a judicial finding. American Polygraph Association www. polygr aph. org Update 2012This is a privately owned web site for the purpose of self promoting propaganda and solicitation of services. G. W. Maschke. c/o www. antipolygraph. org Copyright 2000-2013 A web site created for the purposes of providing a message board for those who want to explain there experience with the polygraph technology. Alternately used as a data collection point for anti polygraph propaganda. National Academy of Sciences www. nasonline. org Copyright 2013 A site for the release of information provided by the society of elected scholars for this organization that was created by congress to service humanity.National Association of Computerized Voice Stress Analysis www. cvsa1. com Copyright 2013 Another site for the solicitation of a product used for lie detection and the services this association can provide. Bureau of Industry and Security Export Enforcement BIS Public Affairs Aug. 2008 www. eforia. bis. doc. gov Just the simple display of actual court released docume nts about the 11 charges brought against the vendor NITV for the illegal export of lie detection devices to foreign governments.

School Management Information Systems

IntroductionMyocardial infarctionA computing machine system designed to assist directors program and direct concern and operations. MIS pronounced as separate letters, MIS refer loosely to a computing machine -based system that provide directors with the tools for forming, measuring and expeditiously running their section s. in order to supply past nowadays and anticipation information, an MIS can include that helps in determination devising, informations resources such as that information of ware resources of system, system for do any determination, people direction and undertaking direction application and any computerized procedures that enable the section to run expeditiously. Within companies and big organisation, the section responsible for computing machine system is sometimes called the MIS section. Other name for include is information system. IT ( information engineering ) .SCHOOL MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN PRIMARY SCHOOLSIntroductionThese yearss, which we describe information epoch as assorted technologic developments have been practiced ; the taking hazard that an organisation could obtain is to hang approximately tactless to alter. A batch of of import factors such as changeless developments in information engineerings, information exchange, and increasing and increasing the outlook of the society to a great extent, recent disposal perceptual experiences and applications cause organisations none over the universe to develop new applications during order to stay Every state aims to do available their citizens with the most existing instruction in the line of their pecuniary competency. In support of this ground, huge encompass been put into action all around the universe. Inside our state, excessively taken out within of the batting order, were prepared in conditions of in order engineerings and so activated. In committee preparation classs in relation to the usage of computing machine in following subdivision of the program that information engineering package are circulated to the 3.000 primary instruction schools merely about Turkey and instruction room access is established. As a consequence of developing 600 computing machine instructors, in-service instruction is designed for all the primary school inspectors working on the grazing land, and for at least 106.381 pedagogues shaped of directors and instructors of chief in larning will be ready in line with recent direction plansSchool Management Information SystemsBing at the commencement phase of the School Management Information Systems, mechanisation of the school direction is the necessary topic of today ‘s school direction. Principals have ongoing obtain domination in competitions by directing schemes. School direction in sequence systems aim to offer maintain for the managing and educational behaviour of the school directors by manus out information. Obtain domination in competitions by directing schemes. School direction in sequence systems aim to offer maintain for the managing and educational behaviour of the school directors by manus out information. Telem ( 1999 ) specify the direction information in his words as â€Å"an executive information system planned. Information systems sustain non merely information procedure but besides make the support in inventions. Since being correctable to different alterations, these systems are helpful to pull off with the burden for alteration. School directors can do more better and dependable determinations when they get rectify and up-to-date information by school executive information systems ( Christopher, 2003 ) . Option devising is careful as the bosom of educational direction and shows the significance. Every twenty-four hours, disputing fortunes that need determination devising are based on the complex and unannounced nature of school milieus. In add-on to this, directors have been necessary to do more and speedy determinations in short times because of the lifting chance from the educational system ( Christopher, 2003 ) . In add-on, determination devising become faster, more regular and more complicated in schools of in the present twenty-four hours. In order to do determinations under such state of affairs, taking and roll uping informations that is ceaseless, up-to-date and that can be accessed quickly and analysing and utilizing this information is a committedness. Success of school development surveies are often depends on informations based determination devising, though School direction information systems give information and a diverseness of studies from the database in order to data professionally in this side. increased school rules, supported determinations on the phase of control and planning, improved the power of learning plans, facilitated student-teacher communicating, enlarged the accomplishment between instructors, facilitated methodical and uninterrupted information transportation to parents, and increased communicating with more establishments and the cardinal organisation. Information systems were on a regular basis used in mundane work and directors and instructors did non hold adequate instruction on the system. Directors and instructors pointed that while school direction information systems had encouraging effects on appraisal of efficiency of the school, advancement of utilizing beginnings, high quality It is cleared as we can see communicating and information engineerings have increasingly more had a function on the behaviour of schools. During this epoch, a batch of things have been spooked and written about the significance of computing machines. The mock-up of this research, which targets to look and to calculate out thoughts of directors sing managerial information systems, is review theoretical account. ( MIS ) more frequently than non is everlasting. The categorization, on the other manus, consists of certain clerical informations that is obliging for a portion stage and either restructured or simple from the System as it becomes antique duologue sandwiched between Antitrust Division ( ATR ) and the province certification and proceedings way is long-lasting on the material of chronological proceedings and their temperament. point of you they required long clip information times gone by and easing do research on chronological affairs that connected to present affairs, Antitrust Division ( ATR ) expects invariably to be delighting to the oculus the consecutive statistics in this reservoir, rather than file awaying and taking it from the organisation. legal action and Judicial Activities– include activitiesAntimonopoly divider ( ATR ) Intranet, Appellate Docket System, , station and Complaint Tracking System, national Non-Merger Tracking System against the jurisprudence Case Sentencing agreement, , trade and industry Analysis Group Working designation, Field Office Matter Tracking System, Hart-Scott-Roding Tracking System, financially feasible scrutiny Group path System lawmaking Tracking System, subject Tracking construction. The of import mission-based information gave to MIS is conveying together, set aside, class, stored, and air as-is. MIS applications encompass dealing ground the information non comes foremost an affiliated start day of the month ) and distinct format ground digital numerical Numberss safety steps Number ) for institute and support in the sequence. The preponderance of the in sequence in the organisation in bend System Safety screensUser cogencyAs declare old, the system is limited for usage by the fiscal forces, so merely people from the Financial Control section. Besides, while its usage is merely finance exact, others sections have nil to make with it. Having said that, there are watchwords for the terminal users ; hence watchwords make certain safety and control.Physical entreePhysical entree is made limited by locked waiter suites, sign-in sheets, etc.Function securityDevelopers Register FunctionsDevelopers can necessitate parts of their Prophet Forms codification to look up an sole map name, and so take some action based on whether the map is accessible in the current duty.Developers registry maps. They can besides register consideration that passes values to a map. For illustration, a signifier may keep informations entry merely when a map consideration is passed to it.Normally, developers describe a bill of fare include all the maps accessible in an application ( i.e. , all the signifiers and their securable sub maps ) . For some applications, developers may specify extra bill of fare that restrict the application ‘s functionality by excluding specific signifiers and sub maps.As developers define bill of fare of maps, th ey typically group the sub maps of a signifier on a sub map bill of fare they associate with the signifier.Assumptions/Risk AssessmentPremises support the base of the solution. Premises includeLibrary houses a certain minimal figure of transcripts of the same book for interest of many borrowers.Library utilizations original books/CDs.Library does non rede users to copy CDs/DVDs onto their computing machines.Library restricts the most figure of borrow able points for different users.Library waiter runs a version of Windows runing system.Client systems support.NET Framework.User has basic computing machine cognition and knows how to search/find information in the cyberspace.User has a well-bred cyberspace speed to run the on-line solution.Functional SpecificationInitially when the solution is host in the waiter, decision maker histories are setup. These decision makers manage the waiter. First clip users can transport on with simple hunt but those who want to borrow books necessitate to sign-up for this installation. They can so sign-in anytime for seeking, borrowing or returning books. They can besides see their profile pages, history of their minutessEnd-to-end solutions ability We handle turnkey undertakings, and have built, managed and supported our clients IT systems crosswise the value concatenation — substructure, applications and concern procedures.This is how we work:A Customer Services ( CS ) unit designs and builds the IT substructure and web.A Systems Integration ( SI ) unit builds up applications and integrates them across diverse hardware and package platforms.Our IT-Enabled Services ( ITES ) unit manages developed applications and digitisation activities.Our Education and Training unit grant IT instruction and preparation to users.Wide sphere expertness and technological competencesWe have proven expertness in a broad scope of applications, includingReal-time systemson-line systemsentrenched systemsprocedure controloperation processingcontemplation processinginformations communicationsnetworkingparallel architectures,E-commerce engineerings and e-governance applications.Considerable resource pool with diverse accomplishment setWe attain t his with the aid of our resource pool of applied scientists trained in assorted engineerings, with immense sphere cognition and diverse accomplishment sets. With 3,718 workers, more than 21 % have more than ten old ages of work experience. We besides have a large capableness pool that works on emerging engineerings and competence countries. We have a unflawed educational profile ; every bit many as 30 % of our workers have postgraduate grades. We besides carry out considerable research into emerging engineerings and competency countries at our state-of-the-art, ISO 9001-certified R & A ; D Centre in Hyderabad, India. That is what gives us an perimeter in complex, high engineering undertakings. The Systems Integration Business Unit ‘s all four parts are at Level 5 ( optimising degree ) of the SEI ‘s Capability Maturity Model ( package ) .Healthy and Strong client relationshipsCMC ‘s client orientation and service civilization lead to digesting bonds with clients. Our diverse value proposition and service civilization, attached with our path record of winning service bringing, are reflected in our long-standing client relationships with dominant participants inUp stepManagement Information System ( MIS ) is presently being upgraded for web-based maps. The front-end will be ASP, and the database is being upgraded to Oracle 9i.Strong pointA enthusiastic group drawn from experts in H2O resources, irrigation direction, fluid mechanicss, and hydrology, works for the drawing, development and execution of the canal irrigation direction systemCMC has broad sphere cognition and apprehension of the process, policies every bit good as the operational and administrativ e direction composing and manner of irrigation sectionsExperienceTo plan, developed and implemented a Management Information System in India, funded by the World Bank.Feasibility surveiesFeasibility surveies to detect the functionalities required in an MIS, and to construct up a model for an information systemClient listIrrigation Department, Government of MaharashtraMaharashtra Krishna Valley Development Corporation ( MKVDC ) , PuneDepartment of Information Technology, Ministry of Communications and Information Technology, Government of IndiaDiscussionHarmonizing to the result of this survey which was sing the use of School Management Information Systems in primary schools and which mean to make up one's mind the point of views of the school directors associated to direction information systems, it was experienced that the figure of computing machines was non sufficient and there was merely one computing machine joined to Internet in about all of the schools. Besides, in a little f igure of of these schools, there was a web page of the school. Study which was conducted by the Pelgrum ( 2001 ) in 26 states and by Mentz and Mentz ( 2003 ) in the schools of South Africa, it was seen that one of the most common hurdlings of the applications of direction information systems was the inadequacy of the Numberss of the computing machines. Due to this ground, it can be said that there was an of import substructure job of the acknowledgment of school direction ‘s information systems in today ‘s schools. As Greg roseola stated ( 2004 ) the uniformity with technological betterments increased with the pattern of engineering. For that ground, it is mandatory to supply pedagogues chiefly school directors with sufficient technological opportunities to do them accept and travel with the betterments. The jobs encountered show the necessity that the applications of information system should be done in the range of a utile plan. Besides, there is a critical difference among the schools in footings of holding these engineerings. This unfairness makes us believe that there is some inequality connected to the use of these engineerings ‘ chances non merely for the director and instructors but besides for the pupils. This state of affairs shows that there is a possibility of coming face to face with the job which is discussed extensively and called â€Å"digital division† non merely countrywide but besides in the schools in the similar state. In add-on, it was seen that there are still some school directors and adjunct school directors who do n't hold a computing machine in their suites at the schools in the range of this survey. In the center of the school directors and adjunct school directors who have a computing machine in their suites, some of them use a computing machine without an Internet contact. Besides there are some schools whose instructors do non hold the chance of doing usage of the information engineerings. This is besides is seen that The Ministry of Education ‘s nonsubjective ( MEB, 2002 ) which is providing each staffroom with at least two computing machines ; providing counsel service, library, school directors with Internet entree in order to speak with the cardinal and provincial offices and besides for the pattern of direction has non been achieved yet.